At the end of the American Civil War, the Chickasaw Nation and other Five Tribes signed new treaties of friendship and alliance with the U.S., affirming the rights vested under prior treaties. This treaty, signed between the Chickasaw Nation, the Choctaw Nation and the United States, punitively stripped the two nations of its treaty land west of the 98th meridian. The Chickasaw and Choctaw Nations were the only governments to lose territory following the American Civil War.